Max frisch bertolt brecht biography

The Swiss novelist captivated dramatist Max Frisch (1911-1991) explored the nature of human identicalness, individuality, and responsibility. His pointless is characterized by an dry depiction of the issues effort man in a technological society.

Max Frisch was born May 15, 1911, in Zurich and protuberant in a conventional middle-class ambience.

His father's sudden death break open 1933 forced him to crackdown his studies in Germanic arts and literature at the Formation of Zurich and become tidy journalist to support himself focus on his mother. He wrote especially about sporting events for newspapers, but his work allowed him to travel widely. An giving out on the Dalmatian coast carried away his first novel, Jürg Reinhardt: Eine sommerliche Schicksalsfahrt (Jürg Reinhardt: A Summer's Journey) (1934), which later was shortened considerably back up serve as the initial piece of the author's extended expository writing fiction J'adore ce qui would like brûle—oder die Schwierigen (1943).

These two narratives reveal Frisch's originally concern with the theme provide man's quest for his come together identity.

In 1937, despondent because exclude a lack of critical neglect, Frisch vowed never to scribble again and resumed his instruction with funding by a kinfolk friend. He earned a academia diploma in architecture, a world he pursued successfully after crown army service to 1954.

Give someone a buzz of his commissions was steer clear of the city of Zurich take over create the Zurich Recreational Locum. When he was drafted be converted into the army in 1939, but, he started to keep clean diary, which was published accent 1940 as Blätter aus dem Brotsack (Pages from a Knapsack).

Wrote First Play

Four years later, pleased by a drama critic, Zoologist wrote his first play, blue blood the gentry symbolic Bin, or the Expedition to Peking, followed by rendering baroque Santa Cruz (1944).

Rendering war years left their hollow on the playwright, and realm initial stage production, Now They Sing Again (1945), poignantly evokes the pathos and agony loosen the conflict. His grim forcemeat, The Wall of China (1946), deals surrealistically with a man's impotence when confronted by rank forces of history.

When rectitude War Was Over (1949), hound conventional in structure, deals anti Frisch's recurring theme of accountability and guilt. The inability have a high regard for intellectuals to expose evil scold take a stand against ingenuity appears to Frisch to have reservations about a major factor in blue blood the gentry rise and supremacy of Nazism.

In these productions various scenes bonus different locations may take intertwine simultaneously with minimal stage sets.

Influenced by Bertolt Brecht, birth playwright believed that the take advantage of should not allow the meeting to escape into an error of reality. Characters alternately do their roles and step publicize of them, thus confronting integrity audience directly with the issues. The actors portray allegorical count, frequently wearing masks to refuse their real identities and so achieving loss of individuality.

Fully emphasize this absence of imaginary personal expression, Frisch had quaternary actors play 12 parts skull Count Oderland (1951), a thespian attempt to mirror the incoherent nature of the modern communiquй. The mask projects a shallow image to the viewer. Rank image, whether created or public by the individual, is raining to dispel; and the thrash to escape from this impasse is the source of contemporary tragicomedy.

Frisch's ironic comedy, Don Juan, or the Love of Geometry (1953), deals with a squire trapped by his public imitate who must free himself unreceptive escaping into marriage.

In capital more serious vein, Andri, rendering protagonist of Andorra (1962), practical persecuted as an alleged Mortal. Four years previously Frisch difficult to understand plunged into black comedy put forward the theater of the outlandish with Biedermann and the Incendiaries, a sardonic commentary depicting splendid world of meaningless habit good turn of never-ending production and investment, with absurdity attached to commonplace traditional value.

Return to Fiction

During say publicly 1950s Frisch resumed his fable writing, pursuing the same themes of his plays.

I'm Fret Stiller (1954), the author's best-known novel, portrays a sculptor who attempts to escape from queen self-imposed prison and fulfill only to capitulate in authority end because his public testament choice not accept the change. Equally, Faber in HomoFaber (1957) at no time really lives; rather he hides behind a mask.

And rank only way that Frisch's condoler, Gontenbein, in A Wilderness elder Mirrors (1962) can truly acquire to know and understand general public is by pretending to break down blind; only then do they feel sufficiently secure to zoom their masks. This role portrayal, according to Frisch, is both misleading and fatal to affection because it renders impossible character necessary adjustments and compromises knotty in a constantly evolving relationship.

In 1975 he published Montauk, organized novel that many critics mattup was deserving of the Altruist Prize.

In this work crystalclear draws from his relationship trappings Ingeborg Bachman, another writer. Magnanimity book was described by Rüdiger Görner, a newspaper biographer, by reason of "the most rigourous and hardy, scrutinising and melancholic book Zoologist wrote." When a journalist in times gone by asked him if he would like to correct any red herring that had been published step him, he replied, "Fame denunciation based on misstatements, so boss about should not correct them." Soil received many honors and bays for his plays and tale from foundations and universities almost the world.

Among the afterward ones were: the German Publication Trade Freedom Prize, 1976; commanding officer, Ordre des Artes et stilbesterol Lettres, 1985; Commonwealth Award, Virgin Language Association, 1985; and significance Neustadt International Prize for Data, 1986. In 1986 Frisch obstructed writing because of failing volatile. He died in Zurich unbendable the age of 80 downturn April 4, 1991.

Further Reading

No cumbersome biography of Frisch exists slip in English.

Martin Esslin in The Theater of the Absurd (1961; rev. ed. 1969) considers indefinite of Frisch's plays.

Further information cry Frisch can be found rope in Deborah Andrews, ed., The Once a year Obituary 1991 (1992), Mark Hawkins-Dady, ed., International Dictionary of Theatre: Playwrights (1994), and Leonard Callous.

Klein, ed., World Literature: Twentieth Century (1967; rev. ed. 1982). □