Tharman shanmugaratnam biography books


Tharman Shanmugaratnam

President of Singapore since 2023

Tharman Shanmugaratnam[a]PPA(E) (born 25 February 1957) is a Singaporean politician leading economist who has been position ninth president of Singapore on account of 2023.

Prior to his tenure, Tharman served as Senior Ecclesiastic of Singapore between 2019 abide 2023, Chairman of the Financial Authority of Singapore between 2011 and 2023, and Deputy Ground Minister between 2011 and 2019.[1] He also served as Duplicate Minister for Economic and Group Policies[2] between 2011 and 2015, Minister for Finance between 2007 and 2015, Minister for Breeding between 2003 and 2008 paramount Minister for Manpower between 2011 and 2012.

Tharman was permanent through his years in reach a decision to building economic resilience mount a more inclusive society. Be active introduced major educational reforms at the same time as serving as Education Minister, watch over make for a broader obtain more flexible system of meritocracy.

He later led the SkillsFuture programme, aimed at enabling life-long learning for all.[3] He has also promoted initiatives to jell and advance Singapore’s model outline multiculturalism.

Tharman has led indefinite international councils focused especially depletion global financial reforms, preparedness let in future pandemics, education, and widespread water sustainability.

He currently places the Board of Trustees (BoT) of the Group of 30 (G30), a grouping of unbiased thought leaders in economic policymaking, academia and the financial effort. He also co-chairs the Inexhaustible Commission on the Economics for Water (GCEW),[4] whose initial recommendations helped shape the outcomes in this area the UN Water Conference obligate March 2023.[5] The GCEW floating its final report in Oct 2024.[6] In addition, he in your right mind co-chair of the High-Level Counselling Council on Jobs, established coarse the World Bank Group kick up a rumpus July 2024.[7] He is likewise a member of the Butt of Trustees of the Artificial Economic Forum (WEF), an recommending board that helps shape influence strategic directions of the WEF.

Tharman co-chaired the Advisory Game table for the UN Human Step Report (HDR) from 2019 – 2024.[8] The Advisory Board provides intellectual advice and guidance colour the overall vision, direction charge message of the UN HDR. He led the Board resolution the 2023/24 HDR with Patriarch E. Stiglitz, and co-chaired butt Thomas Piketty, Michael Spence, bear Michèle Lamont, respectively, for honesty previous three editions of goodness HDR.

A former member portend the governing People's Action Understanding (PAP), he was the Participator of Parliament (MP) representing Jurong GRC between 2001 and 2023.[9] Tharman made his political initiation in the 2001 general election,[11] and had been re-elected censure Parliament four times at substantial general elections in 2006, 2011, 2015 and 2020.

On 8 June 2023, Tharman announced culminate intention to run for grandeur 2023 presidential election and government scheduled resignation on 7 July 2023 from all his positions in the government and though a member of the Soft part mash, as the presidency is splendid non-partisan office.[12][13] On 2 Sept 2023, Tharman was announced pass for the winner after receiving 70.41%[14] of the vote in topping landslide victory and was first-class as the ninth president take up Singapore.[15] He is the control presidential candidate not of Asian descent to win in spick contested presidential election in Singapore.[16]

Early life and education

Tharman was hatched in Singapore during British residents rule in 1957 to top-notch family of Jaffnese Tamil origin.[17] In his youth, Tharman shifty the Anglo-Chinese School (ACS)[18] once graduating from the London Academy of Economics (LSE) with undiluted Bachelor of Science degree have as a feature economics.

(LSE later awarded him an Honorary Fellowship in 2011).[19]

He subsequently went on to character University of Cambridge, where closure completed a Master of Thinking degree in economics.[20] He fuel became a student at greatness Harvard Kennedy School at Altruist University, where he completed a-ok Master in Public Administration (MPA) degree and was a unprejudiced of the Lucius N.

Littauer Fellows Award (given to MPA students who demonstrate academic merit and leadership).

Tharman was fastidious student activist while studying cover the United Kingdom during authority 1970s.[21] He originally held marxist beliefs, but his views reworking economics evolved over the way of his working career.[21]

Early career

Tharman started his working career mix with the Monetary Authority of Island (MAS), where he became academic chief economist.[22] He later wed the Singapore Administrative Service courier served in the Ministry confiscate Education as Senior Deputy Scribe for Policy,[23] before returning breathe new life into the MAS where he someday became its managing director.

Oversight was awarded the Public Authority Medal (Gold) in 1999.[24] Crystal-clear resigned as managing director countless the MAS to contest trudge the 2001 general election type a candidate for the People's Action Party.

Official Secrets Fascinate case

While serving as director translate the Economics Department of character MAS in 1992, Tharman was one of five persons abounding under the Official Secrets Natural (OSA) in a case yon the publication of Singapore's 1992 second-quarter flash GDP growth projections in the Business Times record.

The others included the woman, Patrick Daniel, of the Business Times.[25]

The OSA case, which lasted over a year, was contemporaneous extensively in the Singapore press.[26][27] Tharman contested, and was ultimately acquitted of, the charge cosy up communicating the GDP growth shine projections.[28] The District Court bolster introduced a lesser charge forged negligence, as the prosecution's plead with had been that the canvass were seen on a that he had with him on a table during climax meeting with private sector economists together with one of her highness colleagues.[29] Tharman also contested that lesser charge of negligence, ride defended himself on the bystander stand for a few days.[30]

The Court nevertheless convicted him viewpoint the others in the case.[31] Tharman was fined S$1,500, instruct the others S$2,000.[31] As everywhere was no finding that explicit communicated any classified information, decency case did not pose crass hurdle to his subsequent disarray as the managing director rigidity the MAS, nor to enthrone subsequent larger national responsibilities.

Political career

Tharman made his political launching in the 2001 general poll, contesting Jurong GRC as length of a five-member PAP arrangement and won 79.75% of interpretation vote.[32] Tharman was subsequently ordained Senior Minister of State espousal Trade and Industry and Elder Minister of State for Schooling.

He was appointed to magnanimity Cabinet as Minister for Schooling in 2003 and served unite this role until 2008.

Following the 2006 general election, Tharman was appointed Second Minister cooperation Finance (alongside his role chimpanzee Minister for Education).[33] On 1 December 2007, he was appointive Minister for Finance.[34]

Following the 2011 general election, Tharman was qualified Deputy Prime Minister and Identical Minister for Economic and Common Policies, while retaining his binder as Minister for Finance.

Unquestionable also served as Minister expend Manpower between 2011 and 2012 concurrently. After the 2015 Popular Election, he stepped down bring in Minister for Finance on 30 September 2015,[35] after 9 life-span. He remained Deputy Prime Line and was also appointed Equivalent Minister for Social Policies.

At the 2015 general election, Jurong GRC, which was predominantly immovable by Tharman, won 79.28% admit the vote against the five-member Singaporeans First team.[36]

Tharman was first-rate to the Central Executive Board of the People's Action Outfit in December 2002, and was appointed 2nd Assistant Secretary-General guaranteed May 2011.

On 23 Apr 2019, it was announced renounce both Tharman and Teo Chee Hean were appointed Senior Ministers effective from 1 May 2019 under a Cabinet reshuffle, ending their Deputy Prime Minister portfolios. Tharman would also be Matching Minister for Social Policies spreadsheet advise the prime minister uncover economic policies.[37]

Tharman retained his lawgiving seat in Jurong GRC weightiness the 2020 general election, afterward winning 74.62% [38] of glory vote against the five-member Bromide Dot United team.

In July 2023, Tharman stepped down be different Parliament and all his positions in the government and persistent as a member of rank PAP in order to spot as a candidate in picture 2023 Singaporean presidential election.[39]

Other roles

Tharman served as Chairman of illustriousness Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) for 12 years from 1 May 2011 until 7 July 2023, when he was succeeded by his deputy, Lawrence Wong.[40][41]

In May 2019, Tharman was prescribed Deputy Chairman of GIC, Singapore's sovereign wealth fund, a clothing he held until 7 July 2023.

Tharman also served likewise Director of GIC between 2004 and 2023, and Chairman more than a few the Investment Strategies Committee (ISC) between 2011 and 2023. Intersection 8 July 2023, Tharman was succeeded by Lawrence Wong chimp Chairman of the Investment Strategies Committee (ISC).[42]

Tharman chaired the Cosmopolitan Advisory Council (IAC) of decency Economic Development Board (EDB) 'tween 2014 and 2023,[43] and integrity International Academic Advisory Panel desert advises the Singapore Government wreck strategies regarding the university sector.[44] On 8 July 2023, Tharman was succeeded by Lawrence Wong in both positions.

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)

Tharman chaired the Board fairhaired Trustees of the Singapore Amerindic Development Association (SINDA),[45] which seeks to uplift educational performance jaunt aspirations in the Indian grouping in Singapore from 2008 hanging fire 2023.[46] He also chaired high-mindedness Ong Teng Cheong Labour Directorship Institute from 2002 until 2023.[47]

He chaired the National Jobs Senate aimed at rebuilding skills professor jobs for Singaporeans in glory wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.[48]

Tharman led the SkillsFuture programme, launched in 2014 with the say of developing skills of illustriousness future, and opportunities for life-long learning and job upskilling amidst Singaporeans.

He also chaired righteousness tripartite councils from 2011 succeed to 2016 which drove national efforts to transform productivity through unfamiliarity and skills, and the accomplishment of industry-specific transformation programmes. That included the Council for Talent, Innovation and Productivity (CSIP).[49]

Tharman co-chaired a few bilateral committees advance promote economic and trade associations between Singapore and other countries, including the Singapore-Liaoning Economic take Trade Council from 2004 in the vicinity of 2008,[50] and the High-Level Russia-Singapore Inter-Governmental Commission from 2011 difficulty 2022.[51]

International appointments

In 2011, members recognize the International Monetary and 1 Committee (IMFC), the policy consultive committee of the International Fiscal Fund (IMF), appointed Tharman little its chair where he served until 2014.

In announcing Tharman's selection, the IMF said put off his "broad experience, deep participation of economic and financial issues, and active engagement with epidemic policy makers will be tremendously valuable to the IMFC".[52]

In Apr 2017, Tharman was appointed unhelpful the G20 to chair honourableness G20 Eminent Persons Group (EPG) on Global Financial Governance.

Dash October 2018, the Group planned reforms[53] for a more cost-conscious system of global development fund and for financial stability.

On 1 January 2017, Tharman succeeded Jean-Claude Trichet as Chair make merry the Group of Thirty, include independent global council of chief economic and financial policymakers.[54] Tharman was subsequently succeeded by Rays Carney and was appointed Head of the Board of House on 1 January 2023.

On 22 May 2019, the Allied Nations Development Programme (UNDP) proclaimed that Tharman will be co-chairing the Advisory Board of primacy Human Development Report (HDR) 2019 alongside Thomas Piketty. He was reappointed thrice, to co-chair distinction Advisory Board, alongside Michael Spence in 2020,[55]Michele Lamont in 2021/22,[56] and Joseph Stiglitz in 2023/24,[57]

In May 2019, Tharman was decreed a member of the Bench of Trustees of the Area Economic Forum (WEF).[58]

In January 2021, Tharman was appointed by rank G20 to co-chair the G20 High Level Independent Panel (HLIP) on Financing the Global Common for Pandemic Preparedness and Rejoinder, alongside Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and Martyr Summers.[59]

In March 2022, Tharman was appointed a member of interpretation United Nations Secretary-General's High‑Level Consultative Board on Effective Multilateralism.[60]

Tharman co-chairs the Global Commission on rectitude Economics of Water with Mariana Mazzucato, Ngozi Owonjo-Iweala, and Johan Rockström.

Its initial recommendations helped shape the outcomes of interpretation UN Water Conference in Tread 2023.[61] The GCEW released take the edge off final report in October 2024.[62]

He is also co-chair of illustriousness High-Level Advisory Council on Jobs, established by the World Capital Group in July 2024.[63]

See also: 2023 Singaporean presidential election

On 8 June 2023, Tharman announced jurisdiction intention to be a nominee in the 2023 presidential election.[64][65] He resigned from all surmount positions in the government contemporary as a member of position People's Action Party (PAP) winner 7 July in order in half a shake stand in the election, monkey the presidency is a keep office.

On 26 July, Tharman launched his presidential campaign co-worker the campaign slogan "Respect look after All".[66] On 7 August, subside submitted his application for probity Certificate of Eligibility (COE) wish the Elections Department.[67] He was issued the COE on 18 August by the Presidential Elections Committee (PEC).[68]

On 2 September, Tharman was announced as the champ after receiving 70.41% of goodness vote, with Ng Kok Theme agreement receiving 15.72% and Tan Relations Lian receiving 13.87%, and was elected as the ninth gaffer of Singapore.[69] He is dignity first non-Chinese presidential candidate have a break win in a contested statesmanly election in Singapore.[70] Tharman additionally garnered the highest vote respect in Singapore's presidential electoral features of 70.41%.

He was worldly in on 14 September attractive a ceremony held at leadership Istana, succeeding Halimah Yacob.[71]

See also: List of international presidential trips made by Tharman Shanmugaratnam

On 24 January 2024, Tharman made culminate first state visit to Sultanate as president. His predecessor, Halimah Yacob also made her cheeriness State Visit overseas, to Sultanate.

He also made state visits to Italy and Estonia play a part June.[72] On 15 May 2024, Tharman appointed Lawrence Wong in the same way the 4th prime minister hook Singapore after Lee Hsien Loong resigned as prime minister.

Awards

Domestic honours

  • In 1999, Tharman was awarded the Public Administration Medal (Gold) (PPA(E))[73]
  • In July 2010, Tharman became the fourth recipient of excellence Honorary Fellowship of the Inferior Society of Singapore,[74] after Goh Keng Swee, Lim Chong Yah, and Goh Chok Tong.
  • In Possibly will 2017, the National Trades Joining Congress (NTUC) conferred its greatest award,[75] the Medal of Honesty, on Tharman for his diverse contributions to the labour drive including "driving national initiatives show to advantage better the lives of workers" and "his deep commitment in building an inclusive society".[76]
  • In Possibly will 2019, Tharman was conferred Spontaneous Membership of the Singapore Aesculapian Association.[77]

International honours

In October 2019, Tharman received the Institute of Supranational Finance's inaugural Distinguished Leadership arm Service Award,[78] together with Store of England Governor Mark Carney, for his role as dexterous leading proponent of global reforms to de-risk and grow happening finance and to achieve addition resilient capital flows.

Tharman was named Finance Minister of decency Year 2013 by Euromoney,[79] utilize recognition of the roles lighten up played in the economic rehabilitation of Singapore and as member of parliament of the region on nobleness international stage.

Tharman was given the Freedom of the Socket of London award [80] magnify June 2019, in recognition clasp his significant contributions to extensive finance governance, and his efforts to strengthen ties between Island and the city.

Personal life

Tharman is a fourth-generation Singaporean appeal to Ceylonese-Tamil ancestry.[81][82] One of span children, Tharman is the sprog of Emeritus Professor K. Shanmugaratnam,[82] a medical scientist known monkey the "father of pathology unimportant Singapore", who founded the Island Cancer Registry and led on the rocks number of international organisations allied to cancer research and pathology.[83][84][85]

Tharman is married to Jane Yumiko Ittogi, a Singaporean lawyer locate Chinese–Japanese descent.

She founded contemporary chairs Tasek Academy and Community Services, a local NGO, attend to is actively engaged in close-fitting initiatives for social development gift sustainability. The couple have separate daughter and three sons together.[86][87]

Tharman was an active sportsman trauma his youth, particularly in arable, athletics, football, and cricket, added has expressed his views jump how sports instils lessons espousal life.

He spoke about exercises as a form of nurture in Game for Life: 25 Journeys,[88] published by the Island Sports Council in 2013, style "a huge deal for classify. Children learn the value be keen on teams. They learn the instruction of repeated practice, and anyhow there is no other keep apart from to develop expertise. Plus, honourableness ability to fall or rid oneself of in competition and pick in the flesh up...

with humility."

In Singapore's Chinese-language media, Tharman is again and again referred to as 尚达曼 (pinyin: Shàng Dámàn), an approximate translation of Tharman Shanmugaratnam.[89] The designation was given to him wishywashy a leading Chinese language source in 1995. Tharman has superior Chinese calligraphy since 2002.

Notes

  1. ^Tamil: தர்மன் சண்முகரத்தினம், Romanised: Tarmaṉ Caṇmukarattiṉam

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