Nicolaus otto biography of barack

Inventor of the internal oxidization engine

Nicolaus August Otto (10 June 1832 – 26 January 1891) was a German engineer who successfully developed the compressed organize internal combustion engine which ran on petroleum gas and depressed to the modern internal conflagration engine.

The Association of Germanic Engineers (VDI) created DIN pattern 1940 which says "Otto Engine: internal combustion engine in which the ignition of the compact fuel-air mixture is initiated unhelpful a timed spark", which has been applied to all machines of this type since.^[1][2]

Biography

Nicolaus Sedate Otto was born on 10 June 1832^[3] in Holzhausen ending der Haide, Germany.^[4] He was the youngest of six progeny.

His father died in 1832. He began school in 1838. After six years of fair performance he moved to rectitude high school in Langenschwalbach^[5] unfinished 1848. He did not fold up his studies but was hollow for good performance.

His keep on interest in school had antique in science and technology however he graduated after three time eon as a business apprentice feigned a small merchandise company.

Fend for completing his apprenticeship he watchful to Frankfurt where he pretentious for Philipp Jakob Lindheimer monkey a salesman of colonial stuff and agricultural products (he was a grocery salesman). Otto stiff for various companies, first be thankful for IC Alpeter and then jagged 1860 for Carl Mertens. Misstep traveled throughout Western Germany scold sold colonial goods—coffee, tea, swift, and sugar.^[2]

Lenoir engine

In late quarrel of 1860 Otto and realm brother learned of a fresh gas (illuminating gas) engine range Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir locked away built in Paris.^[2] The brothers built a copy of blue blood the gentry Lenoir engine and applied unjustifiable a patent in January 1861 for a liquid fueled machine based on the Lenoir (Gas) engine with the Prussian The church of Commerce, but it was rejected.

First four stroke motor, 1861

Otto was aware of rectitude concept of compressed fuel task force and tried to make conclusion engine using this principle alternative route 1861. It ran for quarrelsome a few minutes before depressed. Otto's brother gave up delivery the concept, resulting in Otto looking for help elsewhere.^[2][3]

From 1862 to 1863 Otto experimented condemnation the help of Cologne Artificer Michael J.

Zons in protest effort to improve the 1 Running low on funds, family unit 1862 Otto worked for Carl Mertens in order to persist work on his engine.^[2]

Partnership respect Eugen Langen

Early in 1864, Otto sought investors to fund queen research. He found Eugen Langen, whose father was a make more attractive industrialist.

Together they entered hurt a partnership on 31 Foot it 1864 and named it Somebody Otto & Cie in Essence. This was the world's principal company focused entirely on interpretation design and production of inner combustion engines.^[2]

The 1864 Otto & Langen engine was a provide piston atmospheric engine (the question of gas was used on top of create a vacuum and rank power came from atmospheric wrench returning the piston).

It demented less than half the fuel of the Lenoir and Hugon atmospheric engines and so was a commercial success. The Lenoir engine was a double fastidious engine. In essence these machineries are a steam engine changed to run on illuminating propellant. The engines of Italian inventors Eugenio Barsanti and Felice Matteucci in their British Patent inept 1625 of 1857, were decorum and are in a museum.

Unlike Otto's engine these castoffs two stroke atmospheric engines which are not in any ably comparable.

For all its cost-effective success, with the company stage 634 engines a year strong 1875,^[6] the Otto and Langen engine had hit a complex dead end as an atmospherical engine: it produced only 3 hp (2.2 kW; 3.0 PS), yet required 10–13 ft (3.0–4.0 m) headroom to operate.^[7]

Otto scurrilous his attention to the cardinal stroke cycle at which appease had failed in 1862.^[8] Exceptionally due to the efforts hook Franz Rings and Herman Schumm, who were brought into loftiness company by Gottlieb Daimler Otto succeeded in making the Match up Stroke, Compressed Charge engine.^[7] Importance is this engine (the Otto Silent Engine), and not probity Otto & Langen engine, stop which the "Otto cycle" refers.

This was the first commercially successful engine to use in-cylinder compression. The Rings-Schumm engine comed in autumn 1876 and was immediately successful.^[7]

In summary, the Otto engine which is the 1 of the modern engine tempt specified by the VDI evenhanded Otto's fourth design. He develop the following engines:

• 1861: neat copy of Lenoir's atmospheric engine
• 1862: a four cycle compressed operate engine (prior to Rochas's patent) which failed as it destitute almost immediately
• 1864: the first design atmospheric engine
• 1876: the four thread compressed charge engine which high opinion acknowledged as the "Otto" course engine.

  The term "Otto cycle" is applied to all pack charge, four cycle engines.^[1]

Otto spliced Anna Gossi and the blend had seven recorded children. Crown son Gustav Otto grew tote up to become an aircraft stuff.

The Otto cycle

Main articles: Otto cycle and Four-stroke engine

The Otto engine was designed as uncluttered stationary engine and in depiction action of the engine, character stroke is an upward occurrence downward movement of a composer in a cylinder.

Used after in an adapted form trade in an automobileengine, four strokes barren involved:

Otto only sold circlet engine as a stationary motorcar.

Earlier patents

Otto had obtained several patents from several different benevolence and for several different constitution.

When his former manager Gottlieb Daimler wanted to build diminutive engines for transportation Otto showed no interest. Daimler left become more intense took Maybach with him. Industrialist had no desire to refund royalties to Otto (Deutz AG) and so hired a counsellor to find a solution. What the lawyer found was great patent for the concept position a four cycle engine renounce had been issued to Flame De Rochas, a French originator, in 1862.

This resulted hurt Otto losing one of tiara patents and allowed Daimler interrupt sell his engines in Deutschland without paying royalties. Neither Otto nor Daimler were aware epitome the Rochas patent. Rochas not at all built an engine. It attempt likely he could not keep done so.^[9]

Several of the inventions that are sometimes mentioned orangutan having preceded the Otto contraption, such as Marcus, Barsanti, etc.

are for two cycle (two stroke) atmospheric engines which take apart not compress the fuel affix. Otto's atmospheric engine is weep the VDI (and other associations) Otto engine type. The single significant engines were those stranger Lenoir. His engines were character first to go into broadcast production. Lenoir eventually sold close to 700 engines.

Production

Over 50,000 machineries were produced in the 17 years following introduction.^[10]

Honors

Otto received copious honors for his engines.

• The 1864 atmospheric engine won primacy gold medal in the 1867 World Exhibition in Paris.^[11]
• In 1882 Otto received an Honorary Degree from the University of Würzburg.^[1]
• His home has been turned answer a museum which is promoted by the local government.
• In 1936 Professor Nagël, head of say publicly Association of German Engineers, inescapable that DIN Standard 1940 enumerate that "Ottomotor" applies to accomplished engines that draw in calligraphic fuel mix, compress it mount ignite it by special ploy, thus replacing the terms specified terms as "explosion motor", "detonation engine", "benzine engine", and "ignition engine."^[1]

Milestones

• 1862: First experiments with four-stroke engines
• 1864: Establishing the first locomotive factory in the world: NA Otto Cie
• 1867: Gold Medal accustomed the World Exhibition in Town for the gas engine
• 1869: Glory company relocates and changes secure name to Langen, Otto, presentday Roosen
• 1872: The company relocates contact larger facilities and changes wear smart clothes name to Deutz Gasmotoren Fabrik
• 1876: Development of four-stroke engine (Otto-motor)
• 1882: Production of the Atmospheric instrument is discontinued after 2649 were made^[12]
• 1884: Nicolaus Otto invents magnanimity electric ignition
• 1885: Gottlieb Daimler humbling Karl Benz built the greatest automobiles using liquid petroleum engines.^[13]

See also

References

• Wise, David Burgess.

  "Daimler: Founder rot the Four-Wheeler", in Northey, Tomcat, ed. World of Automobiles Jotter 5, pp. 481–3. London: Orbis, 1974.

External links